Understanding Facial Electromyography

In the search to better understand emotional reactions to stimuli and the workings of the subconscious, marketing researchers have turned toward the use of numerous technologies. Here we discuss one of them, facial electromyography, also known as fEMG.

Facial electromyography is a technology that enables researchers and medical professionals to measure muscular activity in the eyes. The process quantifies the tiny electrical impulses that are generated by actively contracting muscle fibers. Because fEMG monitors movement in the facial area, researchers can gain a greater understanding of the subtle emotional responses participants feel towards a particular stimulus. In particular, fEMG studies two types of muscles: Certain activity of the corrugator muscle is usually associated with negative feelings, and activity of the zygomatic muscle is usually correlated with positive emotions.

During fEMG, electrodes are attached to the targeted muscles. The electrodes are then able to measure the participant’s response to a variety of different stimuli. This approach is actually incredibly sensitive, and fEMG can measure the minutest of movements in a highly accurate manner. Even participants who try to mask their emotions still demonstrate a measurable response that fEMG can pick up.Researchers have found several benefits to using fEMG in their product marketing studies. For instance, the process is less intrusive and more affordable than other methods, like those that employ EEG or fMRI devices.Primarily used in market research, fEMG is an ideal way to gauge a consumer’s responses to commercials, websites, or advertisements. Video game enthusiasts have also been studied with fEMG technology, and the device has helped researchers gain a greater understanding of the ways in which players interact with games at an emotional level.

Facial electromyography does carry some concerns for researchers, however, and some experts are skeptical about the system because it only measures impulses in two muscles. Some researchers think that the minimal amount of data that is received may not actually provide an accurate understanding of emotional responses to stimuli. However, because fEMG electrodes can only be attached to a small part of the face, the device can easily be paired with other technology to provide an even greater understanding of specific emotional reactions.

Regardless of the criticism (which may indeed be constructive), fEMG does serve a valuable purpose for research. The technology provides researchers with another valuable tool to assist us in the constant search to better understand the mysteries of the subconscious.